成人支气管哮喘控制水平和影响因素分析

Control level of adult bronchial asthma and its influencing factors

目的调查并研究影响成人支气管哮喘患者病情控制的危险因素。方法随机选取2016年7月至2017年6月期间我院收治56例支气管哮喘患者为探究对象,对这些患者的临床基本资料、治疗情况进行研究,并评估医生对患者哮喘水平的控制情况,对其具体的影响因素进行分析与研究。结果良好控制的患者(完全控制+部分控制)与未控制患者在患者超重、患有肥胖症、吸烟、酗酒、患有过敏性鼻炎、胃食管反流病、没有定期进行就诊等方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而在文化教育程度以及家庭收入等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。全部哮喘患者当中,同时伴有超重、肥胖患者12例,占21%;伴有过敏性鼻炎患者14例,占25%;伴有胃食管反流病患者7例,占12%;伴有吸烟、酗酒16例,占29%;没有进行定期复诊的患者7例,占12%。所有影响因素对哮喘控制水平均有明显影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本院对于成年支气管哮喘的病情控制水平有着严格的要求,只有将影响哮喘的具体因素进行控制,才能有效控制哮喘患者的病情,进而降低不良事件的发生,提升本院的医疗水平。

Objective To investigate and determine the risk factors affecting the control level of adult bronchial asthma. Methods Fifty-six patients with bronchial asthma, who were hospitalized in our hospital between July 2016 and June 2017, were included as the subjects in the study. The basic clinical data and treatment of these patients were determined. The doctor′s control over the patient′s asthma level was assessed, and the specific influencing factors were analyzed and determined. Results There were statistically significant differences in the overweight,obesity, smoking, drinking, allergic rhinitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and lack of regular consulting between the well-controlled patients（complete control ＋ partial control） and uncontrolled patients（P〈0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in the educational level and family income（P〉0.05）. Among all the patients with asthma, 12 cases were accompanied by overweight and obesity, and the ratio was 21%; 14 cases were accompanied by al-lergic rhinitis, and the ratio was 25%; 7 cases were accompanied by gastroesophageal reflux disease, and the ratio was12%; 16 cases were accompanied by smoking and drinking, and the ratio was 27%; 7 cases were lack of regular con-sulting, and the ratio was 12%. All the influencing factors showed significant effects on the level of asthma control,and there were statistically significant differences among them（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Our hospital has strict requirements on the control of bronchial asthma in adults. Only by controlling the specific factors that affect asthma will we be able to effectively control the condition of asthma patients, thereby reducing the incidence of adverse events and improving the medical level of our hospital.