刍议跨境数据流动的公共利益保护

The Protection of Public Interest in Transnational Data Flow

纵观跨境数据流动的现有规则和体制,毫无例外都规定了一国政府可基于保护国内公共利益,针对具体行业或者具体数据类型制定专门的限制和禁止条款。但是,规则中的"公共利益"过于抽象,给予了一国政府的不受任何约束的自由裁量权。另一方面,随着电子政务的发展、行业要求、科研进步和全球福利提高,在这些限制或者禁止数据流动的领域内需要对既有规则进行突破,以完成数据的跨境流动、共享与交换。为回应这一现实要求,有必要对"公共利益"予以准确界定,并应在此基础上对相关限制和禁止规则、例外情况进行合理调整和妥善规制。

Without exception,the existing rules and systems of transnational data flow all stipulate that the government of a country may formulate specific restriction and prohibition provisions towards specific industries or specific data with the intention to protect national public interest. However,the ＂public interest＂in the rules is too abstract to offer the government of a country free discretion without any restraint.Moreover, with the development of electronic government affairs, industry requirements,improvement of scientific researches and global welfare,the existing rules need to be broken in industries where data flow is restricted or prohibited so as to achieve the transnational flow,sharing and exchange of data. To better define the＂public interest ＂ and analyze relevant restricted and prohibited rules, and exceptions,it ＇ s necessary to conduct specialized researches on the protection of＂public interest＂in transnational data flow.