环境因素对酰胺类除草剂水生毒性的影响——以鱼类先天性免疫毒性为例

The Effect of Environmental Factors on the Aquatic Toxicity of Chloroaetamide Herbicide: A Case Study in Fish Innate Immune Toxicity

为了探讨不同温度和光照周期条件下,酰胺类除草剂对鱼类先天性免疫系统的影响.以斑马鱼胚胎为实验模型,将其急性暴露于致死浓度的甲草胺、乙草胺和丁草胺中72 h,测定它们的LC50值;进一步的,在不同温度和光照周期条件下,将胚胎暴露于亚致死浓度的酰胺类除草剂中研究其对胚胎与先天性免疫系统相关基因表达的影响及其差异.结果表明：酰胺类除草剂急性毒性大小为丁草胺〉乙草胺〉甲草胺,温度和光照周期会显著影响酰胺类除草剂介导的与先天性免疫相关基因（Interleukin-1 beta（IL-1β）,interleukin-8（IL-8）CC-chemokine（CC-chem）和CXCL-cc）的表达量.此外,双因素方差分析揭示：在乙草胺诱导IL-1β表达和丁草胺诱导IL-8表达中,暴露溶液浓度和温度-光照周期之间存在显著的联合作用.上述结果表明,光照和温度会改变酰胺类除草剂对斑马鱼先天性免疫系统的影响.

The aim was to assess the effects of temperature and photoperiod in immune system of fish after exposure to chloroaetamide herbicides. Zebrafish embryos were acutely exposed to lethal concentrations of chloroaetamide herbicides（including alachlor,acetochlor and butachlor） for 72 h,in order to determine their LC50 values. Further,exposures at sub-lethal concentrations of chloroaetamide herbicides under different temperature and photoperiod were carried out to investigate the influence and differences on the transcription of genes related to the innate immune and system. The results showed that the order of 72 h acute toxicity is butachlor acetochlor alachlor,and temperature and photoperiod significantly influence the mRNA levels of interleukin-1 beta（IL-1β）,interleukin-8（IL-8）,CC-chemokine（CC-chem） and CXCL-cc,which are involved in the innate immune system in embryos. In addition,two-way analysis reveale a significant interaction between temperature-photoperiod and concentrations in IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA expression in acetochlor and butachlor treatment groups,respectively. These results demonstrate that temperature and photoperiod could inflect the effects of chloroaetamide herbicides on the immune system of fish species.