冷战结束后中东欧政体转轨及其得失

Regime Transition in CEE Countries and Their Gains and Losses since the End of the Cold War

自东欧剧变以来,政治民主化成为中东欧国家转轨的一个重要方面,而推动建立民主政体,则是政治民主化的核心内容。中东欧国家在巨变后普遍建立了总理总统制和议会制政体。总体来看,这两种政体对推动中东欧民主转轨发挥了积极作用。但在总体表现不错的情况下,这两种政体在中东欧都出现了一些问题,例如内阁不稳定,总统、总理行政权的冲突,议会政党过多,单党垄断议会、内阁和总统职位等现象。

Since the upheaval in Eastern Europe, political democratization has become an important aspect of transition in Central and Eastern European（CEE） countries, and promoting establishing a democratic regime is the core. As a matter of fact, since these great changes, the semi-presidential system and parliamentary system have generally been established in CEE countries. In general, these two regimes have played a positive role in promoting democratic transition in CEE countries. However, despite overall good performances, these two regimes in CEE countries have also encountered some problems, such as cabinet instability, conflicts of executive power between president and Prime Minister, too many parliamentary parties, a single party＇s monopoly within the parliament, cabinet and presidential positions.