论作品起源国

Study on Country of Origin

作品也有"国籍",即作品起源国,并非跟随作者的国籍。《伯尔尼公约》确立了作品起源国的概念。作品起源国的确定影响到作品的版权保护,这不同程度地体现在四个方面的问题上:1.版权保护期;2.互惠原则;3."超国民待遇";4.初始权属的法律适用。《伯尔尼公约》对于作品起源国的确定并不周延,在没有明确规定的情况下应以最密切联系原则确定具有属地性的作品起源国。网络环境对于作品起源国的确定带来了挑战,网络中传播作品可以构成《伯尔尼公约》中的"发表",根据最密切联系原则确定作品起源国时应主要考虑网络传播的目标市场。我国立法中缺乏作品起源国的概念导致我国难以利用《伯尔尼公约》中国民待遇例外的相关机制,这对我国的利益将存在实质性影响。因此,我国著作权法应当引入作品起源国的概念,并完善网络环境中确定作品起源国的规则。

Work has nationality, country of origin, which does not follow nationality of its author. Berne Convention established the concept of country of origin for work. Determination of country of origin affects copyright protection of work, which can be reflected from four aspects：1.copyright term;2.reciprocity;3.super national treatment;4.applicable law of initial ownership. The article of country of origin in Berne convention is deficient, which requires most significant relationship principle to be applied. Internet environment brings challenge for determination of country of origin. Dissemination on internet constitutes publication under Berne convention. Applying most significant relationship principle for determination of country of origin gives most weight to target market of internet dissemination. Legislation of China lacks concept of country of origin, which bars China from taking advantage of the mechanisms of national treatment exception. Therefore, copyright law of China should adopt the concept of country of origin, and improve the rule regarding determination of country of origin especially in internet.