影响俄语听力的制约因素研究

Research on the constraints in influencing Russian listening

听、说、读、写、译是学习每一种语言必备的技能,其中,听力十分重要。只有听得清、听得懂才能与人进行交流。然而,在俄语听力学习过程中存在着许多障碍,使得低年级俄语生无法入门,高年级俄语生无法提高。从高、低两个年级俄语生入手,通过分析得出制约俄语听力提高的因素,影响低年级俄语生听力的因素有:心理因素、知识文化背景的储备和词汇量的多少;而高年级俄语生因为听力材料的转变和语音、语调的变化,使俄语听力很难提高。除此之外,听力课时少、母语的干扰及听力记存能力等一系列因素,让俄语生的听力提升成为一大难题。希望通过对这些因素的分析,教师在课堂上对学生因材施教,同时学生在课下针对自己的不足多加练习,切实提高俄语听力能力。

Listening,speaking,reading,writing and translating are the necessary skills for learning each language.Among these,listening is very important. Only by listening to and understanding can we communicate with people.However,there are many obstacles in the process of Russian listening learning so that Chinese students in lower grades cannot get started,and Chinese students in higher grades cannot improve. This article starts with Chinese students of high and low grades in two grades. Through analysis,the factors constraining the improvement of Russian listening comprehension are discussed. The factors affecting the listening ability of Chinese students in lower grades include：psychological factors,reserves of knowledge and cultural background,and the quantity of vocabulary; Chinese students have difficulty in improving Russian listening due to changes in listening materials and changes in pronunciation and intonation; besides,a series of factors such as the lack of listening lessons,the interference of mother tongue,and the ability to record the hearing have made Chinese students＇ hearing a big challenge. It is hoped that through the analysis of these factors,teachers will teach students in accordance with their aptitude in the classroom,while students will exercise more under their own lessons in order to effectively improve their Russian listening ability.