中国城市“夹心层”群体住房问题与对策研究

On the Housing Problems of Urban Sandwich-layer Group and the Counter-measures

自中国城镇住房制度改革以来,城市住房分配实现了由福利实物分配到商品货币化分配的转变,逐步建立起以市场主导为特征的新住房体制,特别是在工业化、城市化的推动下,中国房地产市场取得了高速发展,但与此同时,房价不断高升,尤其是近几年房价一路上扬,使得越来越多的人们(尤其是中低收入及以下居民)买不起甚至也租不起房子。尽管政府加大保障性住房的投入,但城市中既买不起经济适用房,又不符合享受廉租住房条件的家庭越来越多。这个群体就是所谓的"夹心层"群体。目前,城市"夹心层"群体住房现状令人堪忧,主要表现为:居住水平较低、住房支出比重较大和通勤成本较高三个方面。究其原因:一是我国住房保障政策准入条件的不对接;二是房价收入比的严重失衡;三是中国根深蒂固的购房观念;四是租售权益的巨大差别。因此,本文运用规范研究、定量分析和实证研究三个学术研究方法,探讨我国城市"夹心层"群体住房问题及其解决途径。

Since the reform of China town housing system,urban housing distribution has changed from welfare material and monetary commodity,gradually formed a new housing system with market as the mainbody. Promoted by industrialization and urbanization,China real estate market has had a fast development,while the housing price has been higher and higher,which makes more and more people,especially the medium and low income group not able to buy or rent a house. Though the government has made more input in indemnificatory housing,more and more urban people can＇t buy economically affordable housing while can＇t meet the requirements for enjoying low-rent housing,which are called sandwich-layer group,very bad in housing conditions,such as low housing level,big housing cost and high commuting cost. The reasons are the following,inadequate indemnificatory housing policies,serious unbalanced housing price and people＇s income,people＇s deep-rooted house-buying conception,and the big difference between leasing and selling returns. This paper has,by way of standard research,quantitative analysis and empirical study,studied the housing problems and proposed some suggestions.