菲律宾蛤仔生长性状基因型与环境互作研究

Interaction between growth genotype and environment in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

为研究菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum基因型和环境的相作效应,采用双列杂交方法构建了AA、AB、BB、BA 4个基因型家系遗传材料,分别在不同温度、盐度和养殖环境条件下养殖30~45 d,以壳长生长为指标分析基因型与环境互作遗传效应。结果表明:基因型与温度互作遗传效应中,温度对基因型存在显著影响(P<0.05),在20、24、28℃水温下,壳长生长由大到小分别为BB>BA>AB>AA,BA>AB>AA>BB,AA>BA>AB>BB,但温度与基因型互作效应不显著(P>0.05);基因型与盐度互作遗传效应中,盐度对基因型存在显著影响(P<0.05),在20、25、30盐度下,AA家系生长均显著快于BA、AB和BB家系(P<0.05),各盐度下壳长生长均依次为AA>AB>BA>BB,但盐度与基因型互作效应不显著(P>0.05);在室外土池、室内循环水槽、室内水桶3种养殖环境下,环境对壳长生长存在显著影响(P<0.05),各家系生长速度均为室外土池>室内循环水>室内水桶,环境对基因型也存在显著影响(P<0.05),各环境条件下BA、AA、AB家系生长速度均显著快于BB家系(P<0.05),壳长生长由大到小依次为AA>AB>BA>BB,且养殖环境和基因型的交互作用也存在显著影响(P<0.05),采用线性回归法对蛤仔4个基因型与养殖环境互作进行数据分析,得出了不同基因型的壳长增长率对环境的响应方法,回归系数所确定的各基因型对环境变化反应的灵敏程度顺序为BB>AB>BA>AA。本研究结果为蛤仔遗传育种工作提供了参考依据。

Juvenile Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum from self inbred family line AA（ ♀A× ♂ A） and BB（ ♀B×♂B） and cross family line AB（ ♀A×♂B） and BA（ ♀B×♂A） was reared in a 500 L recirculating tank made of glass fiber reinforced plastics,indoor buckets and earthen ponds at water temperature of 20,24 ℃ and 28℃ and a salinity of 20,25 and 30 for 30-45 days to evaluate interactions between genotype and environment. Results showed that the temperature had a significant effect on the genotypes in genotype × temperature interaction effects,the order of shell length growth as BB〉BA〉AB〉AA at 20 ℃,BA〉AB〉AA〉BB at 24 ℃,and AA〉BA〉AB〉BB at 28 ℃,without significant difference in the interaction between temperature and genotype（ P〉0.05）. Salinity had a significant effect on genotypes in genotype × salinity interaction effects,significantly better growth in AA than that in BA,AB and BB（ P〈0.05）,with the order of shell length growth as AAABBABB,and without significant difference in the interaction between salinity and genotype（ P 〉0. 05）. The feeding trials revealed that shell length growth in each family was significantly influenced by environmental factors,as outdoor earthen pond circulating tank water bucket. There was significant effects of environmental factors on genotype,significantly better growth in BA,AA and AB than that in BB（ P〈0.05）,with AA〉AB〉BA〉BB,and significant difference in the interaction between culture environment and genotype（ P 〈0. 05）. The linear regression analysis of the interaction between four genotypes and culture environment indicated that the sensitivity order of each shell length growth genotype to different environments was expressed as BB〉AB〉BA〉AA. The findings provide a scientific basis for the genetic breeding of Manila clam.