3D forward modeling and response analysis for marine CSEMs towed by two ships

双船拖曳式海洋电磁三维自适应正演模拟及响应特征研究（英文）

A dual-ship-towed marine electromagnetic （EM） system is a new marine exploration technology recently being developed in China. Compared with traditional marine EM systems, the new system tows the transmitters and receivers using two ships, rendering it unnecessary to position EM receivers at the seafloor in advance. This makes the system more flexible, allowing for different configurations （e.g., in-line, broadside, and azimuthal and concentric scanning） that can produce more detailed underwater structural information. We develop a three-dimensional goal-oriented adaptive forward modeling method for the new marine EM system and analyze the responses for four survey configurations. Ocean-ottom topography has a strong effect on the marine EM responses; thus, we develop a forward modeling algorithm based on the finite-element method and unstructured grids. To satisfy the requirements for modeling the moving transmitters of a dual-ship-towed EM system, we use a single mesh for each of the transmitter locations. This mitigates the mesh complexity by refining the grids near the transmitters and minimizes the computational cost. To generate a rational mesh while maintaining the accuracy for single transmitter, we develop a goal-oriented adaptive method with separate mesh refinements for areas around the transmitting source and those far away. To test the modeling algorithm and accuracy, we compare the EM responses calculated by the proposed algorithm and semi-analytical results and from published sources. Furthermore, by analyzing the EM responses for four survey configurations, we are confirm that compared with traditional marine EM systems with only in-line array, a dual-ship-towed marine system can collect more data.

双船拖曳式海洋电磁系统是近年提出的一种新型海洋电磁勒探系统。与传统海洋电磁系统相比,该系统使用两艘作业船分别拖曳接收机和发射机工作,无需事先在海底铺设接收机,且发射机与接收机的相对位置关系更加灵活多样,釆集电磁数据能够包含更为丰富的海底介质分布信息信息。本文针对双船拖曳海洋电磁系统开发了面向目标自适应可控源海洋电磁三维正演算法并总结了该系统四种装置(同线、旁线、同心扫面、方位扫面)的响应特征。考虑到起伏海底地形普遍存在且对海洋电磁响应影响较大,本文采用基于非结构网格的矢量有限元对海洋电磁响应进行模拟。为了充分满足双船拖曳系统对正演算法的要求,本文针对不同发射源位置采用独立网格剖分并进行响应计算。为了得到更为合理的网格剖分、提高计算精度,本文针对海洋电磁正演问题基于自适应算法研发了近源/远源分区网格加密技术。通过将计算结果与半空间模型半解析解以及已发表的三维模型结果进行对比,验证了本文算法的精度。对海洋电磁系统四种不同装置的正演模拟结果表明,双船拖曳式海洋电磁勘探系统较之于传统半托曳式海洋电磁系统能够提供更多的地质信息。本文研究内容对双船拖曳式海洋电磁勘查系统响应异常识别具有指导意义。