相对主义的理性智慧:章太炎公理批判思想论析

The Rational Wisdom of Relativism:On Zhang Taiyan's Critique of “Universal Principle”

近代中国,"公理"逐渐被知识分子们赋予普遍性意义,成为一种强势威权符号。章太炎一贯秉持的相对主义思想特色,使其不能赞同公理本身所蕴含的普世性原则,故他对被公理化了的自由、平等、进化等学说进行了批判和反思,同时大力拒斥作为国际政治原则的公理。其中既包含了章氏为追求人的解放所做出的积极理论探索,更体现出他对弱小民族生存权益的人道主义关怀,体现出其理性智慧。

＂Universal Principle＂had been endowed with universal significance generally and became an authoritative symbol in modern China. Zhang Taiyan couldn＇t agree with it because of his relativist thinking traits,so he criticized and reflected those axiomatic theory of freedom,equality and evolution. At the same time,he rejected the＂Universal Principle＂as international political principle. It embodies not only Zhang Taiyan＇s positive theoretical exploration on people＇s liberation,but also his humanitarian care of the existence right for the small and weak nations. Generally,Zhang Taiyan＇s critique of ＂Universal Principle＂contains obvious relativism and shows his rational wisdom.