22个山核桃无性系果实营养成分的比较分析

Comparative Analysis of the Nutritional Components of 22 Carya cathayensis Clones

为了比较22个山核桃无性系的经济性状与营养成分差异,对果仁的粗脂肪、粗蛋白、脂肪酸等进行了测定,旨在筛选果实经济性状和营养成分优良的栽培无性系。粗脂肪、蛋白质、脂肪酸的相对含量较稳定,变异系数均小于27%。在22个山核桃无性系油脂中共检测出8种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸有油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈烯酸、顺-11-二十碳烯酸,饱和脂肪酸有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸,并且脂肪酸成分的相对含量之间存在差异,脂肪酸中的棕榈烯酸和花生酸变异系数较大,属于中等变异;其余六种脂肪酸的变异系数较小,性状较稳定。大源5号、高岭3号和徐坑2号为果实高不饱和脂肪酸的优良无性系。不饱和脂肪酸中,油酸与亚油酸呈极显著负相关,相关指数为-0.993**,且油酸和亚油酸总量的相对含量基本不变,即山核桃果实中的不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量比较稳定。对22个山核桃无性系果实的各性状进行比较,综合分析得出:大源2号、高岭3号、高岭7号、徐坑40号含水率、出壳率、粗蛋白等均高于其他无性系,可以作为优良山核桃干果重点利用品种。大源5号、高岭3号和徐坑2号果实不饱和脂肪酸均较高,是供食用的优良品种。

In order to compare the economic characters and nutrient differences between 22 Carya cathayensis clones, the crude fat, crude protein and fatty acid were determined. The aim is to sift through the trait of the fruit and the nutrient of quality. The relative content of crude fat, protein, fatty acid is stable. The coefficient of variation was less than 27%. Eight kinds of fatty acids were detected in 22 the Carya cathayensis clones grease. The unsaturated fat- ty acids were oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid and cis - 11 - eicosenoic acid. Saturated fatty acids were palmitie acid, stearic acid, and arachidic acid, and the relative contents of fatty acids were different. The coefficient of variation of palmitoleic acid and arachidic acid in fatty acids was large,which belonged to medium variation. The coefficient of variation of the other six fatty acids are small, and the character are more stable. Dayuan 5, Gaoling 3 and Xukeng 2 were excellent clones with high unsaturated fatty acids. In the unsaturated fat, oleicacid and linoleic acid are extremely negatively related, and the index is - 0. 993 ＊＊ , and the relative amount of oleic acid and linoleic acid is almost unchanged, that means ： the relative content of the unsaturated fattyacid in the Carya cathayensis fruit is relatively stable. The fruit characters of 22 clones were compared, and the comprehensive analysis showed that Dayuan 2, Gaoling 3, Gaoling 7 and Xukeng 40 had higher water content, hatched rate and crude protein than other clones,which could be used as the key varieties of fine Carya cathayensis nuts. Dayuan 5, Gaoling 3 and Xukeng 2 were higher in unsaturated fatty acids ,which was an excellent variety for consumption.