江苏某大学医学生与非医学生健康素养的比较

Comparison of health literacy between medical and non-medical students in a university in Jiangsu

[目的]了解江苏某综合性大学医学与非医学专业学生的健康素养,分析其影响因素,为开展健康教育和制定针对性健康干预措施提供依据。[方法]以"中国公民健康素养66条"为基础,设计大学生健康素养问卷,采用整群抽样方法,对该校在读1 250名大学生进行问卷调查。其中,医学生434人,占调查总人数的34.7%。[结果]医学生的健康素养具备率(20.0%)高于非医学生(7.1%)(P<0.01)。医学生在基本健康知识理念、健康生活方式及行为、基本技能这3个方面的素养具备率分别为37.1%、26.7%、71.0%,非医学生相应为19.7%、12.1%、53.7%;医学生在科学健康观、安全与急救、基本医疗和健康信息4个维度素养具备率分别为64.9%、83.2%、41.2%、87.1%,而非医学生相应为48.4%、64.2%、26.5%、75.7%;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组学生在传染病和慢性病防治素养2个维度上未见差异,且相应水平(具备率均<5%)均远低于其他维度。多因素logistic回归分析显示:年级(大二、大三相对于大一)[OR及其95%CI为2.263(1.572~3.257)]、专业(非医学专业相对于医学专业)[0.341(0.237~0.490)]是健康素养具备的主要影响因素。[结论]尽管健康素养水平与学习医学专业有关,但无论医学生还是非医学生,健康素养具备率普遍不高,尤其在健康生活方式及行为素养、慢性病与传染病防治素养方面更低。

[Objective] To figure out the health literacy status between medical and non-medical students in a comprehensive university in Jiangsu, analyze potential factors affecting students’ health literacy, and provide a basis for conducting health education programs and making targeted health intervention strategies. [Methods] Random cluster sampling method was applied to investigate 1 250 college students, including 434 medical students（34.7% ）, using a self-designed health literacy questionnaire based on ＂the 66 tips on health literacy for Chinese citizens＂. [Results] The proportion of medical students who were graded as having health literacy（20.0% ） was higher than that of thenon-medical students（7.1% ）（P 〈 0.01）. There were significant differences in the levels of basic health knowledge and concepts, healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and health-related skills between the medical students（37.1% , 26.7% , and 71.0% , respectively） and the non-medical students（19.7% , 12.1% , and 53.7% , respectively）（P 〈 0.05）. Also, there were outstanding differences in the levels of scientific health attitude, safety and first aid, basic medical care, and health information between the medical students（64.9% , 83.2% , 41.2% , and 87.1% , respectively） and the non-medical students（48.4% , 64.2% , 26.5% , and 75.7% , respectively）（P 〈 0.05）. However, the levels of infectious diseases prevention and chronic diseases prevention were not different and were both much lower（〈5% ） than the levels of other dimensions of health literacy. The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that grade（with freshman as reference, for sophomore and junior students, OR=2.263, 95% CI： 1.572-3.257） and major（with medical students as reference, for non-medical students, OR=0.341, 95% CI： 0.237-0.490） were the factors influencing health literacy grading.[Conclusion] In spite of the fact that health literacy is related to medical background, both medical and non-medical students’ health literacy levels are at a low level generally and need to be further improved, especially in healthy lifestyles and behaviors, infectious diseases prevention, and chronic diseases prevention.