涉外海难救助的法律适用问题探讨

Discussion on the Application of Foreign Maritime Salvage

海难救助是人类发展海洋经济过程中重要的保障性因素。对于海难救助的性质应根据不同类型的救助行为分别予以界定,纯救助较符合无因管理的性质,"无效果无报酬"的救助和雇佣救助都符合合同救助的性质。对于不同的涉外海难救助行为也理应适用不同的法律适用原则来确定其准据法。目前我国立法未对涉外海难救助的法律适用专门规定,司法实践中也存在广泛争议,因此理应站在海洋对人类利益的高度、国家系列海洋战略的高度及鼓励海难救助的角度构建和完善相应立法。

Maritime salvage is an important driving force in the development of the marine economy. The nature of salvage should be defined according to different types of salvage behavior. Pure salvage has the nature of negotiorum gestio. ＂No cure, no pay＂ requirement of salvage and employment salvage conforms to the contract of salvage. For different foreign salvage be havior also should apply the principle of different legal application to determine the applicable law. At present, China＇s legisla tion does not apply specifically to the law applicable to foreign maritime salvage and disputes in judicial practice are also wide spread. Therefore, we should stand on the height of the ocean in the interests of human, the height of the series national marine strategy and form the angle of encouraging salvage, to build and improve the relevant legislation.