基于文本分析的我国创业政策结构与特征研究

Structure and Characteristics of China's Entrepreneurship Policy Based on Content Analysis

创业政策作为创业活动的助推器,具有推动就业、激发市场活力等重要作用。基于2015年以来中央政府及各部委出台的国家级创业扶持政策,通过文本分析法对其结构与特征进行深入分析。结果表明:国家级创业政策可系统划分为财税政策、金融政策、技术政策、人才政策、产业政策、社会化服务政策六类;当前国家级创业政策比较注重社会化服务政策,在产业政策方面存在结构不均衡问题;各子政策内部同样存在不平衡问题。未来应强化国家创业政策体系对地方创业政策的规范与指导,进一步完善创业子政策词频短板的支持策略,地方政府要注重形成具有地方特色的政策体系,进一步完善国家创业政策的结构与内涵。

As a booster of entrepreneurial activities, entrepreneurship policy has an important role in promoting employment, and stimulating the vitality of the market. Based on the text of the state-level entrepreneurship policy introduced by the central govern- ment and ministries since 2015, the paper analyzes the structure and characteristics of the government through content analysis. The results show that the national entrepreneurship policy can be divided into six categories： fiscal policy, financial policy, techni- cal policy, talent policy, industrial policy and social service policy. The current national entrepreneurship policy is concerned with social service policy while industrial policy structure is unbalanced; there are also imbalances within each sub policy. According to the analysis conclusion, the paper puts forward the following suggestions. Firstly, the central government should regulate, guide and strengthen the local entrepreneurship policy according to the policy system. Secondly, the central government may as well complete the shortages in the sub policy which are reflected by the frequency of policy. Thirdly, local govenment should focus on the formation of policy system with local characteristics. Lastly, we should further improve the structure and connotation of na- tional entrepreneurship policy recommendations. The conclusion of the study can provide reference for perfecting govermnent en- trepreneurship policy.