基于Origin的多种夫兰克-赫兹实验数据处理方式

Several Methods about Data Processing of the Frank-Hertz Experiment based on Origin

夫兰克-赫兹实验数据处理的核心是从原始数据中抽提准确的极大值和极小值,即峰和谷中心位置,这是获得第一激发电位的基础。本文首先介绍了Origin软件对此问题的一般处理方法,包括手动拾峰、自动寻峰、数值差分。接着提出利用Origin软件插值、拟合功能精确处理该问题的多种方法,包括样条插值、多峰拟合和单峰拟合。结果显示对整体数据直接多项式拟合是不可取的,样条插值、单峰多项式拟合或Gauss拟合是较好的选择。Origin处理该实验时原理清晰、无需编程、操作简单、处理快速、结果精确,有利于提高学生数据处理和分析问题的能力、培养学生科学严谨的态度、激发学生对数值算法的兴趣,进而提高教学质量。

The core of the data processing about the Frank-Hertz experiment is to extract the exact maximum and minimum values from the original data,namely,the center positions of peaks and valleys,which is the basis for obtaining the first excitation voltage. Firstly,we introduce the general approach to solve this problem using Origin software in this paper,which including manual picking peaks,automatic finding peaks,and numerical difference.Then,a variety of accurate methods have been presented to deal with the above problem with the aid of the interpolation and fitting function embedded the Origin software,including spline interpolation,multimodal fitting and unimodal fitting.The results show that the direct polynomial fitting of the whole data is not desirable.Spline interpolation,unimodal polynomial fitting and Gauss fitting are the best choice.Data processing employed the Origin software has a clear principle,without programming,simple operation,fast processing and accurate results,which is very helpful for students to improve the level of data processing,the capability of analyzing problem,and to motivate rigorous attitude,stimulate interest in numerical algorithms,furthermore,teaching quality can be strengthened.