我国《破产法》偏颇性清偿制度的疏漏与完善——基于比较分析的视角

Study on the Omission and Perfection of the Partial Liquidation System of the Bankruptcy Law of China——A perspective of comparative analysis

偏颇性清偿作为破产可撤销行为的重要类型,旨在通过行使破产财产的归入权,恢复公平清偿的破产环境,保护债权人的合法权利,因而在各国《破产法》中均占据重要地位。然而我国《破产法》的偏颇性清偿制度,不仅法律规定分散,而且对权利具体适用的供给不足,制度构造与其自身重要地位极不协调,势必影响制度功能的正常发挥。需借鉴美国和《德国破产法》关于偏颇性清偿的规定,立足于我国立法和司法实际,在行为的构成要件和权利行使要件上予以修正和完善,并扩大其内涵至保障交易安全和鼓励诚信经营,以续造《破产法》所体现的公平正义之核心价值。

As an important kind of the avoidance power in bankruptcy,the preferential transfer aims to recover the fairsettlement circumstances in bankruptcy and protect creditors＇ legal rights by exercising disgorgement right of bankrupt property.It plays an important role in many countries＇ bankruptcy laws.But because of the dispersion of laws and rules,the supply shortage of specific rights application,and the incompatibility of system structure and its own significance,our preferential transfer which is regulated in the PRC bankruptcy law is bound to affect normal system function.Therefore,we need to make an effort in perfecting and modifying behavioral constitutive requirements and right exercising requirements,and expanding its connotation to protect transaction security and encourage integrity management by analyzing foreign statutes and relevant research on that matter as well as basing on the current practice and legislation in PRC bankruptcy law.And in this way,we can renewal fairness and justice which are the core value of the bankruptcy law.