工匠精神的资本化机制:一个基于八家“百年老店”的多层次构型解释

An Interpretive Research on Capitalization Mechanism of the Craftsmanship: A Multi-level Configuration Based on Eight Time-honored Shops

源于手工作坊的工匠精神在每家"百年老店"中的资本性越发凸显。但工匠精神在实践界处于幕前,在学术界处于幕后。本文以八家传统制造型"百年老店"为样本,遵循自然主义质性研究范式进行扎根研究,将界面耦合学说作为元理论,与K SAO s的人力资本资源学说和组织学习过程理论进行了对话。研究发现:第一,以K SAO s图式的渐变为主线,工匠精神的资本化依次经过内化、共享和惯例化三个桥接,在个体、群体和组织三个层面分别存在着师徒制沿袭、群体迁移和惯例演化三种组织学习的机制安排。第二,工匠精神由手工艺人的K SAO s人力资本资源涌现为组织资本资源的过程,是多断面、多层次的界面耦合过程。第三,工匠精神在企业内的熔炼和升级,在不同历史阶段的主导地位不同,两者交替推动其资本化进程。这些将贡献于组织资本资源学说,并给实践界带来一定的启发。

From the historical dimensionality, the capital meaning of the craftsmanship which originated at the manual workshop is becoming more and more prominent in every ＂Time-honored Shop＂, which is particularly prevalent in domestic and foreign traditional manufacturing enterprises. The craftsmanship is in front of the curtain in the practical world, but behind in academia today. The interpretation of the craftsmanship is still quite divergent in the theoretical circle, but it is the mainstream that the craftsmanship is the integration and the externalization of knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics（KSAOs）. Meanwhile there is not a rational relationship among the craftsmanship, KSAOs, schema and organizational routine. This paper defines the craftsmanship operationally as： taking individual KSAOs capital resources as the original and the base, it goes through multi-section and multi-level learning procedures, and develops into organizational culture schema or practical routine, in which organizational consensus, management standards, core competencies and other characteristics（especially the organizational vision and pursuits of business ethical）, are essential elements. Based on the 8 ＂Time-honored Shops＂ of traditional industry as examples and according to the naturalistic research paradigm, this paper conducts cross-case grounded research, takes the theory of interfacial coupling as the presupposition theory, and converses with the theory of human capital investment theory and the theory of organizational learning process, thus setting up the ＂mini theory＂. The study shows：（1） Taking the gradual change of the KSAOs schema as the main line, the capitalization of the craftsmanship experiences in turn the three bridges of the internalization, sharing and being routine.（2） The process of the emergence from the individual＇s KSAOs human capital to organizational capital, is a multi-section and multi-level interface coupling process.（3） In different historical stages, the dominant position of the craftsmanship is different from the smelting and upgrading in the enterprise. They both propel in turn the capitalization process of the craftsmanship.