旅游式学习:理论回顾与研究议程

Touristic Learning: Literature Review and Research Agenda

本文对旅游式学习的内涵及特征、旅游式学习的理论基础及学习收益进行理论回顾,该领域主要研究进展包括:识别旅游式学习具有愉悦性、演变性和社会导向的关键特征;旅游者通过经验学习、情境学习、建构学习,对旅游过程中接受的新事物和信息进行学习加工并获得能力发展;学习收益以社会导向为主,具有正式项目的旅游式学习能使个体获得职业导向的收益。本文提出一个研究主题框架,据此分析了该领域未来研究的议程,包括个体的旅游式学习规律、组织层面的供需管理和旅游式学习的社会影响。

Touristic learning is a construct that focused on the learning processes within travel experiences. Learning is a well-documented motivation for tourism and desired benefit, however, exploration on the theoretical foundations or underlying reasons for this phenomenon is limited. Through a comprehensive review of touristic learning research over the past decades, the paper provides a critical thinking on the theoretical approaches and yield significant insights for the future research. Touristic learning belongs to a continuum between hedonic tourism to educational tourism and occurs in diverse contexts including both planned and unplanned opportunities. This article identifies two dimensions（internal learning motivation× external learning forms） which combines to have a deeper understanding of the touristic learning connotation. The main perspectives build on the touristic learning literatures including： a） Key features of touristic learning that distinguished it from systematic educational courses are learning for fun, cumulative and societal approach; b） Learning mechanism of touristic learning can be revealed through the lens of experiential learning theory, situated learning theory, and constructivism learning theory; c） Touristic learning benefits can be classified into vocational-perspective benefits and societal-perspective benefits. Vocational benefits including professional performance, knowledge and skills which enabled by formal educational programs; Societal benefits concentrated on personal growth, community and society effects. Existing studies have looked at through learning theories but lacking process approach and touristic specific. Based on the review of existing studies, this article introduces, clarifies, and analyzes the studies on touristic learning. It first identifies the conceptual framework of ＂touristic learning＂. A typology of touristic learning according to their differences on the internal motivation and external programs is proposed. Future research agenda on individual learning patterns, organizational supply-demand management and social impact of touristic learning are summarized. This article aims to raise awareness of the Chinese scholars to pay attention to this emerging field of study.