黎巴嫩戏剧的发展与流变

Modern Lebanese Drama in Transformation

黎巴嫩作为最早引进并发展西方戏剧的阿拉伯国家,早在19世纪中叶便开始戏剧本土化进程。1847年,黎巴嫩戏剧家马龙·奈喀什改编法国喜剧《吝啬鬼》并引介至黎巴嫩戏剧舞台,标志着黎巴嫩乃至整个阿拉伯国家现代戏剧的发端。在近一个多世纪的发展历程中,黎巴嫩戏剧经历了快速兴起、多元化发展、停滞衰退的曲折阶段。进入当代,黎巴嫩戏剧产业更是遭遇到前所未有的危机与挑战。本文将结合黎巴嫩近现代史脉络,以线性时间梳理黎巴嫩戏剧的发展过程,介绍部分经典剧作家、作品和剧团,以此向读者展示黎巴嫩戏剧的独特性与复杂性。

As the first Arab country to introduce and imitate Western plays, Lebanon began to localize Western drama as early as the mid-19th century. In 1847, playwright Maroun Al-Naqqash adapted the French comedy ＂The Miser＂ by Moliere for the Lebanese theater audience, which marks the beginning of modern drama in Lebanon and in the Arab world. Since then Lebanese drama has experienced its moments of rapid rise, diversified development, stagnation and decline. Today the Lebanese theater industry is facing an unprecedented crisis. This article surveys the history of Lebanese drama in the context of modern Lebanon, tracing its contour with particular attention to major playwrights, plays and theatre troupes to showcase its unique complexity.