雷蒙德·威廉斯与马克思主义文学批评方法

Raymond Williams and Marxist Literary Criticism

本文从话语体系、田野调查与思维逻辑三个层面讨论了雷蒙德·威廉斯的马克思主义文学批评方法。威廉斯通过对18到20世纪英国文学与政治学文本的研究,总结并创新了文学批评的话语体系,将"文化共同体"、"认同"、"语言"、"历史"等概念引入文学批评理论,同时又创造性地将诗歌与田野调查融合在一起,梳理了不为英国正统历史学家重视的生活观念。在资本主义批判的话语体系中,威廉斯通过诗歌鉴赏的批评方式,将文学文本与马克思主义的基本立场和基本观点相结合,归纳了马克思主义文学批评的思维逻辑,突出了"意识形态"、"霸权"、"公正"、"知识分子"等元素在文学批评中的重要作用。

This essay analyzes Raymond Williams＇s Marxist literary criticism from three perspectives： discourse, field research and logic. Having studied English literature, especially literary texts and politics from the 18th to the 20th century, Williams updated the discourse of literary criticism and brought in new concepts such as ＂cultural community＂, ＂identity＂, ＂language＂, and ＂history＂. He creatively combined poetry analysis with field research, moreover, bringing into view certain aspects of everyday life previously ignored by orthodox English historians. Through critical evaluations of poetry, Williams revisited literary texts from the perspective of Marxism and refined the logic of Marxist literary criticism, highlighting ＂ideology＂, ＂hegemony＂, ＂justice＂, and ＂intellectual＂ as keywords in literary criticism.