述“异”传统与中国古代的小说观念——以同性欲望为研究视角

On the Narrative Tradition of “Heterogeneity” and the Concept of Chinese Ancient Novel——From the Perspective of Same-sex Desire

"异"是中国古代叙事文学的灵魂。中国古代小说的边缘地位及"异史性"特点,决定了它能将位居边缘、荒怪另类的人、事和欲望纳入言说范畴;小说的"语魅"性质,意味着对鬼神和荒怪另类之物"质明有信"的书写;小说的"语私性"及同性欲望叙事,蕴含着不合时宜的欲望逾矩性;其杂呈、无序的"无名"特性,决定了"小说"这一文类对"差异"的包容性。与近现代小说史基于进化论的线性时间逻辑不同,中国古代的小说观念是对原典"永恒回归"式的重述中不断产生的"差异"。近现代小说观念的转型与确立使小说脱离了"无名"状态,实现了身份的!越,但也被历史的话语权力收编、规训,小说概念的"辖域化"压抑了欲望的多元表达。

The thesis views the heterogeneity as the soul of the ancient Chinese narrative literature. The marginal status of the ancient Chinese novel with the heterogeneous historical features determines that it can include the marginal and absurd people and things into narration. ＂Haunted language＂means to transfer the ghosts and grotesqueness into the understandable narration; ＂private language＂and the narration of same-sex desire contains the inopportune deviation from the normal proclivity; and the farraginous indefinability out of order states the novel＇s tolerance of difference. Different from the linear time logic based on the evolutionism of the history of modern novels,the concept of ancient Chinese literature constantly generates the difference by restating the original works in a permanent return. With the transformation and establishment of the concept of modern fiction the novel has broken away from in-nomination and realized the transcendence of identity,while it has also been integrated and disciplined by the historical discourse power so that the de-escalation of novel concept constrains the diverse expression of desire.