族学与经学——从基层社会探寻清学的源头活水

Historical Probe of Interaction between Booming Clan-based Community Schooling and Popular Confucian Classics Research

清代中期,家族办学空前繁荣,同光年间仍有所恢复和发展。清代族学的经学教育不可忽视:有些族学的蒙学、经学不分畛域,着意科举者尤重视习读儒经,许多族学均有奖励科举和读经的条规。清代学者大多早年、甚至中晚年担任塾师,富于藏书的族学则为其提供了治学条件。因之,清代族学既是民间教育的主体,又不失为培育经师的摇篮,成为清代主流学术生长的良田沃土和经学繁盛的源头活水。

Mid-Qing dynasty,clan education was unprecedentedly prosperous.It was still recovering and developing in the 60-70 s of the 19 th century.The Confucian classics education played an important role among these clan schools.Some of schools treated the Primary Education and Confucian classics as equal.Others,especially focusing on the Imperial Examination,attached importance to the Confucian classics education.Most of the schools set up awards for Imperial Examination and Confucian classics study.Scholars in Qing dynasty mostly worked as private teachers in their early and even middle or late years.With the rich collection of books,clan schools provided academic conditions for these scholars.Above all,clan education in Qing dynasty was not only the main part of society education,but also the cradle of Confucian classics teachers,which made it become the motivation of Qing dynasty mainstream academics and the prosperity of Confucianism.