碟形弹簧复合隔震支座力学性能试验与数值模拟研究

Experiment and numerical simulation on mechanical performance of disc spring compound isolation bearings

为了提高普通碟形弹簧隔震支座的耗能能力,将普通碟形弹簧隔震支座与黏弹性阻尼材料相结合,形成碟形弹簧复合隔震支座。对碟形弹簧复合隔震支座进行静力和动力往复加载试验,考察加载预压量、位移幅值和加载频率对其力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,黏弹性阻尼材料能够有效提高普通碟形弹簧隔震支座的耗能能力;加载频率对其等效刚度和等效阻尼比影响较小;位移幅值和加载预压量与其等效刚度和等效阻尼比成正相关关系;黏弹性阻尼耗能及库仑阻尼耗能占碟形弹簧复合隔震支座耗能的主要部分,黏性阻尼耗能占其耗能的比重较小。利用ABAQUS软件建立碟形弹簧复合隔震支座的精细化数值模型,对其承受静力和动力荷载的力学行为进行数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明,C3D8R单元和C3D8H单元能够有效模拟碟形弹簧复合隔震支座中碟形弹簧和黏弹性阻尼材料的力学行为。

In order to improve the energy dissipation capacity of the ordinary disc spring isolation bearings, novel disc spring compound isolation bearings are proposed, which combine ordinary disc spring isolation bearings with viscoelastic damping layers. Static loading tests and dynamic loading tests were conducted to study the mechanical performance of disc spring compound isolation bearings. The governing factors of the tests were investigated, including preloading displacement, loading amplitude and loading frequency. The test results indicate that viscoelastic damping layers can improve the energy dissipation capacity of ordinary disc spring isolation bearing effectively. The loading frequency has little effect on the equivalent stiffness and equivalent damping ratio of the disc spring compound isolation bearings. The preloading displacement and loading amplitude have positive correlation relationship with the equivalent stiffness and equivalent damping ratio of disc spring compound isolation bearings. The viscoelastic damping energy and the Coulomb damping energy are the main parts of the energy dissipation of the disc spring compound isolation bearing, and the viscous damping energy occupies a small portion of the dissipation energy. Finite element model of the disc spring compound isolation bearing was established using software ABAQUS, then the mechanical behavior of the disc spring compound isolation bearing under static loading and dynamic loading was simulated. The simulated results indicate that the behavior of the disc springs and the viscoelastic layers in the disc spring compound isolation bearings can be simulated effectively by C3D8R element and C3D8H element, respectively.