成都市景观格局时空变化及驱动因素分析

Spatiotemporal change and driving forces of urban landscape pattern change in Chengdu

快速城镇化深刻影响着城市热岛效应、大气环境、生态质量等诸多方面,是目前城市生态学和景观地理学研究的热点。采用中高分辨率遥感影像,利用Fragstats软件计算景观指数,分别从全市域和中心城区两个尺度研究了2000~2010年成都市景观格局时空变化特征,并对中心城区扩张导致的新旧城区景观格局变化及破碎度进行了对比,最后结合社会经济和城市发展政策因素,分析了成都城市景观格局变化的驱动力。研究结果表明:2000~2010年期间,成都市的景观特征发生了较大变化,建设用地保持较快的增长速度,其比例由5.65%上升至10.39%;耕地面积比例由61.41%下降至53.90%,但仍然是成都全市域的优势生态系统,比例维持在50%以上;中心城区城镇化景观变化更加明显,建设用地面积比例增加了13.41%,是中心城区的优势景观类型,耕地比例相应减少24.14%。人口规模的增加、产业结构调整以及城市发展政策的变化是导致景观格局变化的主要因素。

The fast urbanization profoundly impacts the urban heat island effect, the atmospheric environment .and ecological quality etc. which has been a hot research sector in todays urban landscape and geography. By adopting mid - high resolution remote -sensing image and calculating landscape metrics with Fragstats, this paper studies the features of landscape change of Chengdu City in the scales of whole territory and downtown area from 2000 to 2012. We compare the change and fragmentation features of the past and present urban landscapes after downtown area expansion. The driving force for the changes of Chengdu urban landscape are analyzed with consideration of social, economic and government policy factors. The results show that Chengdu urban landscape changed dramatically during 2000 - 2010； construction land acreage kept a rapid increasing, from 5. 65% to 10. 39% in the total area while agricultural acreage shrank from 61.41% to 53.90% but remaining as the primary ecosystem for Chengdu； the downtown landscape changed more drastically, and especially the construction land acreage increased by 13.41% as the dominant landscape pattern while agricultural acreage reduced by 24. 14% . The increasing population, industrial structure adjustment and the changing urban strategy are the key driving forces for the landscape changes.