早花猕猴桃雄性新品种‘磨山雄2号’的选育

A new early-flowering pollenizer cultivar of kiwifruit 'Moshan Xiong 2'

‘磨山雄2号’是从中华猕猴桃实生选育而成的特早花雄性新品种。该品种树势中等,萌芽率80%以上,花枝率100%,成花容易。花为聚伞花序,白色,花量大,花冠直径34 mm,花瓣6~7片,花丝数约43枚,花粉量大,花粉萌发率76%~84%。花期早,在武汉4月上中旬开花,花期12~14 d,能与早花雌性品种‘红阳’‘东红’‘红华’‘金玉’‘金农’‘川猕3号’‘丰悦’等花期相遇。尤其对二倍体红心系列品种授粉能促进果实品质改善,红色加深,可作为早花红心品种的专用授粉树。

The seeds for＇Moshan Xiong 2＇was collected from the precocious fruit of Actinidia chinensis in 2000, which were sown in the greenhouse in winter; and the seedlings were cultivated in 2001,while 1 500 sound seedlings were selected to plant in the garden in winter, with the row spacing of 3 m and the plant spacing of 0.5 m. In 2003, there were a small number of flowering plants, and most of them were male, of which the plant with the number of＇3612＇flowered firstly, with the continuous florescence from 2004 to 2005. Then its branches was grafted on the tree of National Actinidia Germplasm Repository in 2005, which flowered in 2006, still with the earliest florescence in the garden, as long as 12 d; and all of the florescence were at the first ten days or middle ten days of April after continuous observation for many years, which remained at 12-14 d. It began to be the matched pollination tree for early flowering varieties, and variety regional tests were carried out in Dawu, Jianshi, Caidian and other places of Hubei. They were grafted on 4 a trees and began to flower at 2 a after grafting. In terms of the performance of test points in each area, its florescence could meet the florescence of the early-flowering female varieties such as＇Hongyang＇＇Donghong＇＇Honghua＇＇Jinyu＇＇Jinnong＇＇Chuanmi 3＇＇Fengyue＇and＇Wuzhi 7＇and so on, with the wide coverage of flowering time and a large quantity of pollen. In May 2015, it was examined and approved by the Forest Variety Approval Committee of Hubei province（Hubei S-SV-AC-003-2014）. The chromosome of＇Moshan Xiong 2＇is diploid, with the moderate to strong vigor, the germination rate of more than 80%, and the flowering rate of 100%. The flowers are cymose and white, with the large amount of flowers, the corolla diameter of 34 mm, 6-7 pieces of petals, and about 43 filaments, and the pollen amount is large, with the germination rate of 76%-84%. For the diploid red series of varieties, pollination can improve the fruit quality and deepen red, and it can be cultivated as the special pollination tree for early-flowering red species. In the area of Wuhan, it germinates in early March, flowers at the first ten days or middle ten days of April, and faded at the end of April, with the florescence of 12-14 d, and then gets into deciduous dormancy in December. The plant row spacing is 2 m×4 m, and the ratio of male to female was 5-8∶1 when planting, that is, 9-13 plants are planted at every 666.7 m2. The planting time is in winter, with the pruning time mainly in summer and secondarily in winter; and it is cut again after the flower fades, while it only needs to cut the winding branches, pests and diseases branches in winter. The base fertilizer and before-flowering fertilizer should be applied again, and the germination fertilizer should be determined according to the tree strength and soil fertility and etc. As for the plantation of young plants, the ring ditch with the depth of 60 cm and the width of 30 cm should be dug for fertilization, and for mature trees, strip ditch can be dug for fertilization or broadcast. And as for the orchards with the fertilization way of broadcast,strip ditch shall be dug for deep fertilization every 4-5 years, which is conducive to the deep roots. 20-30 kg organic fertilizer shall be applied for per plant as the base fertilizer, while 0.5-1 kg compound fertilizer shall be applied for per plant as the before-flowering fertilizer.