中小门诊医疗垃圾处理现状的调查及思考

Investigation about the situation of hazardous trash disposition in the small clinics located in the metropolitan area

目的:了解中小门诊医疗垃圾的处理现状,并对定点试行的医疗垃圾车辆集中收集的处理方法与传统的挂靠政策进行比较。方法:选择分布于太原市两个城区、执行不同医疗垃圾采集政策的30家医疗诊所(中小型门诊)进行实地走访调查,并对所调查结果进行统计学分析。结果:采用垃圾车辆集中收集的A城区各诊所中,能将医疗垃圾与生活垃圾严格分类的医疗机构占93%;而采纳政府挂靠政策的B城区内的医疗诊所,医疗垃圾和生活垃圾达到有效分类者占83%;两城区医疗垃圾均能做到具体分类。对于装医疗垃圾的容器或包装物,A城区的合格率为87%,B城区为63%。医疗垃圾储存过期率A城区为3%,B城区为93%。结论:太原市部分城区中小门诊医疗垃圾处理方法存在较大问题。综合来看,医疗垃圾车辆分片集中收集优于挂靠政策,有利于医疗垃圾的规范化处理。

Objective： To realize the situation about the disposal of medical hazardous trash accumulated in metropolitan clinics,and to compare the two current policies about the medical trash disposal at the same time. Methods： Firstly,60 clinics from two different metropolitan districts（ 30 clinics for each district） were randomly chosen. By visit in person and interviewing with personal who was working at the clinic,data was collected and statistically analyzed. Results： All of clinic located in two districts divided rigidly the medical trash and common trash（ 93% in A district,83% in B district,respectively）. The A district followed the policy of collecting trash by time-set truck,whereas the disposal of medical trash in B district was mainly maintained upon general hospitals nearby them. For the qualified containers holding the hazards were 87% in A district,but only 63% in B district. The period of trash storage in each clinic was quite different in A and B districts. Among the clinics in A district,the percentage of overtime（〉 1 week） trash storage was only 3%,but the percentage was reaching 93%. Conclusion： There are some serious problems about the medical hazardous trash disposal at the clinics in metropolitan area. Generally,the policy of collecting trash by time-set truck is better for the timely medical trash disposal presently and can be promoted to each clinic.