四川省某县乡村小学学龄期儿童近视状况调查及其影响因素分析

To Analyze the Village School-age Children Myopia Status and its Influencing Factors In a County of Sichuan Province

目的对四川省某县乡村小学学龄期儿童近视及视疲劳状况及其眼保护意识进行调查,以分析其影响因素,为制定提高乡村儿童眼保护意识的措施提供依据。方法采用自制问卷调查的方法,在2016年3月至2017年7月间,对四川省某县乡村小学学龄期儿童的近视状况及眼保护意识进行调查。结果共发出问卷13116份,收回13116份,其中有效问卷12854份。12854人中已确认为近视者2882例,近视率为22.42%。调查问卷结果表明每天近距离用眼时间过长、长时间连续用眼不休息、每天使用电子媒体时间过长、走路时看书或看手机、昏暗或强光下看书以及长期睡眠不足都是该县乡村小学生近视发病的主要危险因素。在对儿童视力保护方式的调查中发现该县乡村学龄期儿童的眼保护意识较薄弱,普及范围不足。对眼保护知识来源的调查可见对该县乡村学龄期儿童眼睛保护意识影响最重要的是医生、家长和老师。结论该县乡村小学学龄期儿童近视发生率较高,并且影响眼部健康、造成近视的各项因素普遍存在,视觉保护意识较弱,因此应在提高儿童视觉保护意识同时还要加强对乡村教师、儿童及其家长视觉保护意识的培养。

Objective To investigate the village school-age children in a county of Sichuan province with myopia status and its influencing factors and their eye protection consciousness,to make measures to improve rural children eye protection consciousness. Methods Using self-designed questionnaire survey method,in March 2016-July 2017,to investigate the village school-age children myopia and eye protection consciousness in a county of Sichuan province.Results 13116 questionnaires were issued,withdraw 13116,of which 12854 valid questionnaires. There were 2882 children confirmed of myopia,the myopia rate was22. 42%.Questionnaire results show that the close reading of time too long,use the eye every day for a long time continuous,electronic media use time for a long time,reading book or play cellphone while walking,dark or bright light reading and long-term lack of sleep are the main risk factors for the incidence of myopia in village school students in this county.In the investigation of the way of protecting children＇s vision,the children＇s eye protection awareness is weak and the coverage is insufficient. The investigation of the knowledge source of eye protection can be seen that the most important influence on the eye protection consciousness of village school-age children in this county is the doctors,parents and teachers.Conclusion This village school-age children myopia occurrence rate is a little bit high,but the factors that affect the health of the eye,causing myopia is widespread,and visual protection consciousness weak,so it should be in improving children＇s visual protection consciousness but also strengthen the rural teachers,the cultivation of the children and their parents visual protection consciousness.