基于滴滴轨迹数据的城市出租车服务利润率对比研究

Comparative Study on City Taxi Service Profit Rate Based on Didi Trajectory Data

网约车的出现打破了出租车市场原有的平衡,促使市场利益格局重新分配。从服务利润率的角度出发,构建"互联网+"背景下的出租车(快车)服务模型,基于滴滴轨迹数据,测算并对比分析北京市出租车和快车的服务利润率。实证结果表明:一般情况下,短途和长途的服务利润率相对较高;服务里程为0~3公里时,快车的服务利润率整体高于出租车;服务里程大于3公里时,出租车的服务利润率普遍高于快车;出租车(快车)在非工作日的利润率普遍大于工作日,且在一天中早晚高峰时段的服务利润率相对较高。建议相关部门根据市场供需机理合理修订定价机制,充分调动闲置资源,促进市场效率和公平,保证出租车新旧业态的持续健康发展。

The emergence of car-hailing breaks the original balance of taxi market and promotes redistribution of market interests.From the perspective of profit rate,this paper builds the taxi（express）service model under the background of ＂Internet＋＂,and calculates and compares the profit rate of taxi and express in Beijing according to their trajectory date from Didi.The result shows as follows：Generally,the profit rate of short journey and long journey is relatively high;when the service mileage is 0~3 miles,the profit rate of express is higher than that of taxi in Beijing.When the service mileage is greater than or equal to 3 miles,the profit rate of taxi is higher than that of express.Compared with working days,the profit rate of taxi and express is generally higher than non-working days,and it is relatively high in the morning and evening rush hours.This paper suggests that the relevant departments should properly revise the pricing mechanism in accordance with the market supply and demand,improve market efficiency and fairness and ensure the continued development of new and old taxi industry.