“路事”与“乱事”:载泽与辛亥年干路国有风潮

Railway and Chaos:Zaize and the Chaos of Railway Nationalization in 1911

载泽在辛亥年干路国有风潮中扮演了重要角色。他与盛宣怀谋划干路国有,授意石长信上折,在未经资政院、咨议局和内阁参与的情况下,迅速促动朝廷定为政策。在制定收路办法时,载泽偏信盛宣怀,对四省采取区别对待,加剧了川省反抗情绪。保路风潮发生后,他力主强硬对待,极力争取载沣的强硬态度,与主张和缓办理的总协理大臣频起争执。载泽为弹压保路风潮,力保岑春煊出山,而岑仍主张安抚,令其大失所望。载泽坚称保路风潮的根源不在于干路国有政策,忽视了危如累卵之际民心的影响力,终至局面失控。

Zaize played an important role in the chaos of railway nationalization in 1911.He and SHENG Xuan-huai planned to nationalize railways,and he directed SHI Chang-xin to send the document to the emperor without the participation of the advisory council,consultative bureau and cabinet,which quickly contributed the government＇s to making it a policy.When Zaize formulated measures of railway nationalization,he believed SHENG Xuan-huai partially and treated four provinces differently so that it intensified the revolting mood of Sichuan.In the disturbance of railway rights protection,he claimed to treat this event seriously and intensely strived for the same attitude of Zaifeng,it led that he often made disputes with the Prime Minister and deputy prime ministers who maintained to treat this event soothingly.Zaize made CEN Chun-xuan back in charge for suppressing the disturbance of railway rights protection.However,CEN still claimed to appeasement which greatly disappointed Zaize.Zaize maintained that the root cause of the disturbance of railway rights protection wasn＇t in railway nationalization policy,and neglected the influence of popular feelings at the crisis of this event,which led to their failure on this event eventually.