“另类战争”:北洋时期直皖军阀的武力统一

Nation's Unification by Force of Zhili and Anhui Cliques in the Period of Beiyang Government

北洋时期军阀割据,国家出现"五代"式分裂局面。为结束分裂,皖、直两系军阀在控制中央政权期间极力推进武力统一,先后发动多次旨在建立统一国家的战争,均归失败。从军事立场观察,直、皖军阀从事的战争十分"另类":参战各方的战争指导思想与作战方式多不符合现代军事学的理论与普遍实践;战争基本是在双方有生力量并未遭受重大损失的情况下就"决出胜负";飞机、大炮等现代武器在战场上作用受限;更有甚者,号称现代战争,但真枪实弹的"武斗"并不激烈,战争持续时间及空间范围均十分有限,参战各方似更乐于"文斗",但"文斗"内容却高度同质化,难以让人明白究竟为何而战。以如此"另类"的战争手段寻求国家"统一",无异南辕北辙。

In the period of Beiyang government,China was torn apart by warlords and was split as the Five Dynasties.During the times of controlling the central regime,Anhui and Zhili cliques successively pushed forward the unification by force to end this status.However,observing from a military standpoint,those wars were quite offbeat.Above all,the guiding principles in those wars seemed to fall short of the theory of military science,and differentiate from the normal practice of the modern wars.Winner came out quickly in those wars without large casualties,while modern weapons such as plane and cannon exerted limited effects.Furthermore,although claimed as modern wars,the fights with live ammunition were not fierce.Every party seemed to be more likely to do the verbal struggles,the contents of which were highly homogeneous so that it is hard to understand what they were fighting for.Seeking for the nation＇s unification in such a strange strategy is just running in the opposite direction.