分析哲学与现象学融合的三条路径

Three Paths to Reconciliation of Analytical Philosophy and Phenomenology

哲学界通常以两个对立哲学运动来概括当代西方哲学,英美哲学属于分析哲学运动,而欧陆哲学则属于现象学运动。不过,这两个哲学运动早就开始了融合趋势,并出现了"分析现象学"的学术形态。从哲学史的角度看,其融合可以区分为三个主要路径:第一个路径是现象学的分析化,包括英国牛津学派的日常语言学派和美国从芬德莱到齐硕姆再到弗莱斯达尔的哲学活动;第二个路径是分析哲学和现象学的比较研究,代表性工作包括弗莱斯达尔早期向分析哲学家介绍现象学的活动及印裔哲学家莫汉蒂对弗雷格和胡塞尔的比较研究;第三个路径则是现象学立场在分析的心灵哲学中运用,早期代表是反人工智能的德雷弗斯和塞尔。

Western contemporary philosophy used to be characterized as two opposite movements, i.e. the one of analytical philosophy in the Britain and USA and the other of phenomenology in European Continent. But they have started to be reconciled many years before and formed a scholar community named ＂Analytical Phenomenology＂. From a historical view of philosophy, there are three paths to such reconciliation. The first is analysis of phenomenology, including the Oxford school and the studies in USA from Findlay to Chisholm and to Foellesdal; The second is the comparative studies between the two movements, such as Foellesdal’s early work introducing phenomenology into analytical philosophers and Mohanty’s comparison between Frege and Husserl; The third is the application of phenomenology into analytical philosophy of mind and its early influential works are against Artificial Intelligence initialed by Dreyfus and Searle.