东北黑土区典型流域融雪期切沟发育特征研究

The Characteristics of Gulley Development in the Snow-Melting Period of Typical Watersheds in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China

基于DGPS差分定位系统对东北黑土区典型流域切沟进行动态监测,结合GIS技术的空间分析功能,分析典型流域融雪期切沟发育特征。结果表明:(1)融雪期切沟发育以沟头前进为主,各流域切沟发育具有地域分异性和年际差异性。切沟长度发育和面积发育呈极显著正相关(p<0.01,r=0.755),长度发育和体积发育相关性不明显。(2)融雪期切沟地域分异性和年际差异性表现为五一流域切沟发育速率明显大于光荣、吉兴流域,典型流域切沟发育速率呈现从西北至东南逐渐减小的趋势。(3)切沟宽度沿程发育呈现分异性,从沟头至沟尾发育速率逐渐减小。光荣流域G1切沟沿程宽度发育速率和面积发育速率呈极显著正相关(p<0.01,r=0.572),沿程深度发育速率与面积发育速率呈极显著负相关(p<0.01,r=-0.500)、与体积发育速率呈显著正相关(p<0.05,r=0.408);光荣流域G2切沟沿程宽度发育速率和面积发育速率呈极显著正相关(p<0.01,r=0.412),与体积发育速率也呈极显著正相关(p<0.01,r=0.673)。

The paper analyzed the characteristic of gulley development of typical small watersheds during snow-melting period based on gulley dynamic monitoring of typical watersheds in the black soil region of northeast China by using DGPS and combining with the spatial analysis function of GIS technology. The outcomes show that a) the gulley development in the snow-melting period mainly is gulley head going forward and gulley development of each watershed has regional differentiation and inter-annual difference. The gulley length development and area development show very significant positive correlation( p<0.01,r = 0.755) and the correlation of length development and volume is not significant; b) the regional differentiation and inter-annual difference of gullies in snow-melting period show that the speed of development of the Wuyi watershed is obviously greater than that of the Guangrong watersheds and the Jixing watersheds. The gulley development speed of typical watersheds shows the trend of gradual reduction from northwest to southeast and; c) the gulley width development shows differentiation and the speed gradually decreases from gulley head to gulley tail. The development speed of gulley width and area of the G1 erosion gully of the Guangrong watershed shows significant positive correlation( p<0.05,r = 0.572),the development speed of depth and the development speed of area shows significant negative correlation( p<0.05,r = 0.500) and shows very significant positive correlation( p< 0.01,r = 0.408) with volume development speed.The development speed of gulley width and area of the G2 erosion gully of the Guangrong watershed shows significant positive correlation( p<0.05,r = 0.412) and also shows significant positive correlation( p<0.05,r = 0.673) with volume development speed.