当代农村婚姻关系的变革与形态特征

The Historical Process and Morphological Features of Rural Marriage Relations in China

1949年以来,在国家革命与市场经济的双重运动下,无论是择偶过程、婚姻相处模式、离婚问题等,中国农村的婚姻关系都发生了实质性变革。中国农村婚姻关系依次经历了四个主要发展阶段:传统时期生育优先婚姻的社群模式;社会主义集体化年代恋爱与婚姻的泛政治化形态;社会主义市场经济社会催发的婚姻革命与核心家庭本位;以及当前日益迈向个体主义的婚姻文化。以发展的眼光,中国农村婚姻关系将会日益从集体主义的婚姻土壤迈向现代个人主义的个体化体验。这其中,延续与变革是不可分割的,结构的变动与观念的变迁也是互构的。

Since the founding of the Republic of China, under the double movements of the national revo-lution and market economy, the marital relations in China＇s rural areas have undergone substantial chang-es, including spouse selection, mode of marriage, divorce and so on. From the historical comparative per-spective, this research aims at analyzing the four main stages of marital relations in China＇s rural areas：＂Community model＂that birth is prior to marriage in the traditional period; the political form of love andmarriage in the age of socialist collectivization;＂marriage revolution＂brought about by the socialist mar-ket economy society and core family standard; and individualism--the marriage culture increasinglymoves towards in the present situation. From the perspective of development, the marital relations in Chi-na＇s rural areas will be increasingly from the collective marriage soil to the individualized experience ofmodern individualism. Among them, not only the change and the continuity are inseparable, but also thestructural change and the change of ideas are mutually constructed.