中国灾难医学发展简史初步研究

The preliminary study on the history of disaster medicine in China

灾难是指环境突然巨变而造成人员伤亡、财产损失和生态破坏的现象,可分为自然性灾难和人为性灾难,前者主要包括气象性灾难等,后者则主要包括战争灾难。灾难医学是研究为受灾人群提供医疗救助和灾难预防的科学。中国是灾难频发的国家,近5000年来中国的自然气候变化分为4年温暖期、4年寒冷期;同时,朝代更替与战争爆发与气候变化密切相关,也有明显的规律特点。本文研究发现,在与灾难斗争的过程中,中国灾难医学经历了萌芽、初始、奠基、完善、发展、提高、拓展等历史进程,对现代灾难医学建设发展可提供一定参考。

Disaster refers to the phenomenon of sudden change of environment, resulting in casualties, property losses and ecological damage. It can be divided into natural disasters and man-made disasters. The former mainly includes meteorological disasters, while the latter mainly includes war disasters. Disaster medicine is the science of providing medical assistance and disaster prevention for the affected population. China is a country with frequent disasters. In recent 5000 years, the natural climate change in China has been divided into 4 years’ warm period and 4 year cold period. Meanwhile, the replacement of the dynasty and the outbreak of war are closely related to climate change, and also have obvious regularity characteristics. This study finds that in the process of struggling with disasters, China’s disaster medicine has undergone embryonic, initial, foundation, improvement, development, improvement and expansion. It can provide some references for the development and construction of modern disaster medicine.