中风相关病名古文献考略

Research on names related to apoplexy in ancient literatures

"中风"最初见于《素问·风论》,但与现代所指中风病不同。两汉时期张仲景创"中风"疾病名,隋唐时期医家巢元方提出"风懿",南宋医者陈言提出了"头中风"一词,元末医家王安道提出"真中""类中",明代楼英将中风病命名为"卒中",清末张锡纯提出"脑充血""脑贫血",与现代"出血性中风"与"缺血性中风"的中风病机认识相吻合。本文通过对中风及相关疾病名的古文献梳理,揭示中风病的历史演变,为现代人们了解、掌握中风病提供文献学研究基础。

＂Apoplexy＂ was first found in Plain Questions·Wind, which is different from the present meaning. Zhang Zhongjing created the name of ＂apoplexy＂ in the Han Dynasty. In Sui and Tang Dynasty, Chao Yuanfang proposed ＂wind stroke＂.In the Southern Song Dynasty, Chen Yan proposed the term ＂head apoplexy＂ firstly. Wang Andao proposed ＂Zhenzhong＂and ＂Leizhong＂ in Yuan Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, Lou Ying named apoplexy as ＂Zuzhong＂. In the late Qing Dynasty,Zhang Xichun proposed that encephalemia and brain anemia, which is coincided with the understanding of the pathogenesis of modern ＂hemorrhagic apoplexy＂ and ＂ischemic apoplexy＂. This paper reveals the historical evolution of apoplexy by combing ancient literatures on the names of apoplexy and related diseases, so as to provide philology foundation for the modern people to understand and master apoplexy.