超越写实:丰子恺与写实主义关系析论

Beyond Reality: An Analysis on the Relationship between Feng Zikai and Realism

在众多西方文艺流派或思想理论中,应属写实主义对丰子恺的影响最为深远。他多处褒扬过西方绘画的写实风格,并从以米勒、库尔贝为代表的写实主义画家那里吸收到大量关于创作题材、思想精神等多方面的内容。丰子恺对写实主义的缺陷也有着深刻的认识,因而提倡以羼入东洋画法的"新写实主义"来取代原来的"旧写实主义"。他强调一方面应从题材和技法上借鉴写实主义绘画注重客观地反映普通人的生活,另一方面从构思与笔墨上吸收中国画强调印象的强明与隽永的滋味,从而努力做到以反映自己个性的方式融合中西方艺术传统。

Of all the western literary genres and theories,realism exerts the most profound influence on Feng Zikai. He praised on many occasions the realistic style of western painting and absorbed quite many creative themes and spiritual elements from realistic painters,such as Millet and Courbet. Moreover,he also had a deep understanding of the disadvantages in realism,thus came his advocacy of new realism,characterized by the integration of oriental painting techniques,instead of traditional realism. According to Feng Zikai,an emphasis should be laid to take advantage of themes and techniques of western paintings from the perspective of realism,so as to reflect the life of ordinary people in an objective manner; meanwhile,he advocated absorbing the Chinese style of painting plots and techniques,focusing on the strength of impression and meaningful flavor,to integrate both western and Chinese art traditions by means of reflecting one＇s personality.