融雪与降雨侵蚀条件下水土保持措施因子值对比研究

Comparative Study on Factor Value of Soil and Water Conservation Measures under the Condition of Snow Melting and Rainfall Erosion

融雪与降雨侵蚀条件下辽宁省西北部地区的水土保持措施因子研究相对缺乏,据此本文以彰武县乐园小流域为研究对象,结合研究流域2015—2016年的降雨侵蚀数据以及春季融雪侵蚀观测数据,通过对比分析不同融雪与降雨侵蚀条件下的水土保持措施因子、产流产沙次数、径流深度、侵蚀模数等参数,揭示了水土保持措施因子值在融雪与降雨侵蚀条件下的防控效果。研究表明:生态修复措施在融雪条件P值为0.01~0.45范围时的防控效果较好,而在融雪期则具有容水量少、周期短等特点;在融雪侵蚀条件下的水平坑措施主要是对融水进行拦控;地埂植被径流深度及侵蚀模数在融雪条件下明显大于横垄;乐园小流域在水土保持措施规划设计时应同时考虑融雪与降雨两种侵蚀类型。

The research on soil and water conservation measure factors in the northwest of Liaoning Province is relatively deficient under the condition of snow melting and rainfall erosion. In the paper,Zhangwu County Leyuan small river basin is regarded as the research object accordingly. The rainfall erosion data and spring snow melting erosion observation data from 2015 to 2016 in the research river basin are combined. Soil and water conservation measure factors,runoff and sediment production frequency,runoff depth,erosion modulus and other parameters under different snow melting and rainfall erosion conditions are comparatively analyzed,and the control effect of soil and water conservation measure factor values under the condition of snow melting and rainfall erosion is revealed. The research shows that the ecological restoration measures have better prevention and control effect when P value is 0. 01 to 0. 45 in the snow melting condition.It has the characteristics of low water capacity,short cycle,etc. during snowmelt period. The horizontal pit measure under the conditions of snow melting and erosion is mainly adopted for controlling melted water. The land ridge vegetation runoff depth and erosion modulus are prominently higher than that of transverse ridge under the snow melting condition. Two erosion types of snow melting and rainfall should be considered synchronously during planning and design of soil and water conservation measures in Leyuan small river basin.