共享单车中的道德风险及其规避

Moral Hazard and its Avoidance in Bicycle Sharing

2016年至今,共享单车行业一直呈井喷之势,各色各样的共享单车遍布大街小巷,改变了人们的出行方式。同时,由于信息不对称、个人机会主义、缺乏惩戒措施、法律约束滞后与软化等本质原因,道德风险也存在于企业、用户及政府等各个主体中,诸如乱停乱放、私自占用、人为破坏、盲目投放、政府不作为等现象屡见不鲜,使共享单车的治理问题越来越突出。因此,为规避上述道德风险,政府应对共享单车总量进行调节并出台相应法律法规进行约束,企业也应不断进行技术升级并制定行业规范与奖惩机制,同时用户本身也需提升自身道德水平、增强共享意识、互相监督。

Since 2016,bicycle sharing industry has been in a state of blowout,with all kinds of shared bicycles all over the streets,changing the way people travel.But at the same time,because of information asymmetry,individual opportunism,lack of disciplinary measures,lag and softening of legal constraints,moral hazard is also found in enterprises,users and governments,such as disorderly stop,private occupation,artificial vandalism,blind input,government＇s inaction,which makes the issue of governance of shared bicycles increasingly prominent.Therefore,In order to circumvent the above-mentioned moral hazard,the government should adjust the total amount of shared bicycles and introduce relevant laws and regulations to restrain them.Enterprises should also continuously upgrade their technology and formulate industry norms and reward and punishment mechanisms.At the same time,users themselves need to improve their moral standards,enhance their awareness of sharing,and monitor each other.