中国西南地区民族语言清化鼻音、边音的类型学特征

Typological Features of Voiceless Nasals and Voiceless Laterals among Minority Languages in South-West China

中国西南地区的少数民族语言中含有大量清化鼻音和清化边音,它们既有类型学的共性,也有明显的区域性特征。在统计的106门语言及方言中,清化鼻音的等级序列是:齿龈(■)>双唇(■)>龈腭(■)>软腭(■)>硬腭(■)>卷舌(■)>小舌(■)>唇齿(■)。龈腭鼻音和。在少数民族语言中出现频率较高,具有显著区域性特征。此外,语言中常态鼻音与清化鼻音、边音与清化边音、清化边音与清化鼻音之间均存在蕴含关系,并且呈现出清音浊化的发展趋势。

There exists rich voiceless nasals and voiceless laterals in minority languages located in South-West China,they share typological features with other languages and also own their characteristics.Among 106 languages being analyzed in this paper,the ranking order of voiceless nasals is：n〉m〉η〉η〉 〉η〉N〉m n and n occur with high frequency in South-West minority languages and thus are marked with regional characteristics.In addition,there exists entailment between nasals and voiceless nasals,laterals and voiceless laterals,voiceless laterals and voiceless nasals.Voiceless sounds tend to shift to voiced sounds.