政策论证与共识建构的多源流嵌套——以“PM2.5事件”和空气治理为例

Policy Argumentation and Consensus Building in Multiple Streams Framework——Illustrated by the case of "PM2.5" Event and Air Governance

政策之窗的开启和决策议程的建立得益于政策论证与共识建构,以决策的民主化和科学化水平作为指标,可将政策论证分为自主决策型政策论证、价值主导型政策论证、理性主导型政策论证和多元协商型政策论证,政策论证的类型和作用会随着事件的发展而不断变化。在"PM2.5事件"中,媒体和公众主导的多元协商型政策论证通过公众议程触发了政策之窗,随后专家和政府精英围绕备选方案展开了价值主导型和理性主导型政策论证,对决策过程产生了重要影响。由于仅使用案例分析法和二手资料,本文的解释力有所下降;此外,由于政策论证在我国的发展尚不完善,本文未对政策论证的空间进行限制,将整个社会范围内的辩论都视为政策论证。

The open of the policy windows and the establishment of decision-making agenda benefited from the Policy Argumentation and consensus building. With the democratic and scientific decision-making level as the index,Policy Argumentation can be divided into autonomous decision-making policy argument,value-oriented policy argument,rationaloriented argument and multi-participating policy argument. The types and functions of policy argumentation will change constantly with the development of the incident. During the "PM2.5" event,multi-media and public multi-participating policy argument sets the agenda and triggers the policy window,then experts and government elites conduct the value-oriented and rational-oriented policy argumentation among the alternatives,having an important impact on the decision-making process. Since the use of case analysis and second-hand information,the explanatory power of this paper has declined. In addition,because the development of policy argumentation is not perfect in China,this paper does not restrict the space of policy argumentation,considering the debate in the whole society as policy argumentation.