生态补偿、居民心理与生态保护——基于秦巴生态功能区调研数据研究

Ecological Compensation, Residents' Psychology and Ecological Protection——Based on the Investigation Data of Qinba Ecological Function Area

生态成本和生态利益的空间错配使得生态保护区居民发展和机会成本受限,需要对居民进行生态补偿,而我国以政府补偿为主体的生态补偿政策忽视和弱化了居民权益,亟需对此展开新的理论和实证研究。文章在借鉴羊群效应对生态补偿影响居民心理从而加强整体生态保护行为进行理论分析之后,以陕西省秦巴生态功能区居民为例,引入生态补偿政策,扩展计划行为理论模型,对生态补偿政策和心理因素对居民生态保护意愿和行为的影响进行实证研究。结果表明:生态补偿政策、行为态度、主观范式和感知行为规范对居民生态保护意愿的影响显著为正,生态保护意愿和生态补偿政策同样对生态保护行为产生显著的正向影响,生态补偿政策和心理变量会通过生态保护意愿对生态保护行为产生间接促进效应。结合研究结果,从调整生态补偿政策和强化心理变量视角对提高居民生态保护意愿和行为提出政策建议。

The spatial misallocation of ecological costs and ecological benefits limits the development and opportunity costs of the residents in the ecological？preservation？area, which calls for a ecological compensation to the residents. However China＇s ecological compensation policies with the government＇s compensation as the mainstay neglect and weak the residents＇ rights, which makes it really necessary to make a new theoretical and empirical research. This paper makes a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon that the ecological compensation strengthens the overall ecological protection by influencing the residents＇ psychology with the Herd Effect first, and then, introduces the ecological compensation policies and extends the theory of planned behavior model to make an empirical study of the influences of the ecological compensation policies and psychological factors on the residents＇ willingness and behaviors to protect the ecology with the residents in the Shanxi Qinba ecological function areas as an example. The study shows the ecological compensation policies, behavioral attitudes, subjective paradigms and norms of perceiving behavior have a significant positive impact on residents＇ ecological protection willingness, ecological protection willingness and ecological compensation policies also have a significant positive impact on ecological protection behaviors, andecological compensation policies and psychological variables will indirectly promote ecological protection behavior through ecological protection willingness. Regarding the study- results, this paper propose to adjust the ecological compensation policies and strengthen the psychological variables to promote the residents＇ ecological protection willingness and behaviors.