信息刺激条件下驾驶人警觉性改善规律

Effect of Information Stimulus on Driver's Vigilance Improvement

为研究持续行驶中的驾驶人在多种信息刺激条件下的警觉性改善情况,构建驾驶模拟试验环境进行试验,试验要求被试驾驶主车跟随前车,并在前车制动减速度超过一定阈值时报告。将时长2h的试验分为6段,试验分组包括控制组(无刺激组)、设定音乐刺激组与信息刺激组,设定部分时段实施音乐或信息提示进行刺激。利用MP150记录驾驶人的心率与脑电α波、θ波数据,同时记录驾驶人判断绩效,并在试验前后填写SOFI疲劳测量表。试验结果表明:在无刺激条件下,驾驶人警觉性随时间延续呈逐渐下降趋势,信号击中率从84.7%下降到65.2%,心率降低,脑电α波、θ波功率谱密度升高;音乐刺激条件下,驾驶人的判断绩效、脑电α波、脑电θ波均保持在较为稳定的水平,可在一定程度上减缓警觉性下降的幅度;在信息刺激条件下,信号击中率有显著提高,脑电α波功率谱密度增加不明显,但脑电θ波功率谱密度升高;上述3个试验组的驾驶人心率均随时间呈缓慢减少趋势;适当的音乐刺激可使驾驶人警觉性保持在较为稳定的水平,还可以缓解疲劳感受,而信息刺激有助于驾驶人在特定时段提高警觉性并觉察风险。研究结果可应用于车载信息系统设计与安全管理。

To study the improvement of a driver＇s vigilance under various information stimuli, a driving simulation test was constructed. Drivers were asked to drive the primary vehicle to follow the front vehicle and report the case when the braking deceleration of the vehicle ahead exceeds the threshold. The two-hour experiment was divided into six parts and some of them contained three sets of different levels of motivation, including no incentive, music incentives, and information incentives. The heart rate and the brain wave αand θ, respectively, of the drivers were recorded by MP150. Meanwhile, the hit rate and false negative rate of the driver＇s judgment were also recorded. Before and after the experiment, the SOFI fatigue measurement table was filled out by the participants separately. The results of the test showed that under the level of non-incentive, the driver＇s vigilance decreased gradually over time. In addition, the hit rate decreased from 84. 7% to 65. 2%, the heart rate also decreased simultaneously but the brain waves α, θ increased. Additionally, under the level of music incentives, the driver＇s vigilance and brain waves α, θ maintained a relatively stable level. This incentive slowed down the decline of the vigilance to some extent. Moreover, under the level of information incentives, the signal hit rate increased significantly. Although the change in the brain wave a was not obvious, the brain wave θ increased. In addition, the heart rates in all of the groups above decreased over the experimental time. It is concluded that the appropriate music incentives can maintain the drivers＇ vigilance at a stable level. Furthermore, the information incentives can raise the driver＇s awareness to perceived risks during a particular time period. The results of this research are valuable for the design and management of a driving-assistant safety system.