植物适应逆境胁迫研究进展

Research Progress in Plants Adaptability Towards Adversity Stress

低温、干旱、土地盐碱化是影响植物生长发育的主要逆境胁迫因子。植物在逆境胁迫下的生理生化变化以及对逆境适应能力的研究是近年来研究的热点。探索如何将逆境胁迫对植物的伤害降到最低以及如何提高植物的适应性已成为研究需要解决的关键问题。研究植物的抗寒性、抗旱性、抗盐性机理,提高其耐受性,对于生态环境保护和建设具有重要意义。文中分别综述了低温胁迫、干旱胁迫、盐胁迫对植物的危害,植物耐寒性、耐旱性、耐盐性的生理生化机制,以及提高植物耐寒性、耐旱性、耐盐性的途径,展望了植物适应逆境胁迫的研究方向,以期为抗逆性植物种质的筛选和育种提供参考。

Hypothermy,aridity and land salinization act as the main adversity stress which exert influence on plant growth and development. The investigation on plants ＇ physiological and biochemical change and adaptability to adversity stress has been one of hot research fields,where the key point is how to minimize the damage of adversity stress on plants and improve plants adaptability. The research on the mechanisms of plants cold resistance,drought resistance and salt resistance so as to improve plants resistance to external environment is highly significant for ecological environment protection and development. This paper reviewed the damage of hypothermy,aridity and salt stress on plants,and described the plants ＇physiological and biochemical change mechanism for their cold resistance,drought resistance and salt resistance. In addition,the approaches to improve plants＇ cold,drought and salt resistance were discussed,and the research trends were also prospected towards plants adaption to adversity stress,which would benefit the screening and breeding of plant germplasm with stress resistance.