日本战后乡村规划建设的政策演进及启示--经济社会变迁的视角

Japanese Rural Planning and Construction Policy Transition after the World War Ⅱ and Its Enlightenments: from Economic and Social Perspectives

乡村规划建设政策通常是基于国家整体经济社会发展的需要,为解决乡村发展中出现的问题而制定的,呈现出阶段性特点。本文从经济社会变迁的视角,对战后日本乡村规划建设的政策演变进行梳理,将战后日本的乡村建设政策演变划分为三个时期:一是以促进农业生产为主要目的时期,二是初建乡村规划建设体系的时期,三是明晰城乡定位、重塑乡村魅力的时期。进而讨论对中国乡村规划建设的若干启示,包括注重地域和发展阶段的差异性、重视产业发展的支撑、注重综合性和公众参与等。

Rural planning and construction policy which is made for the demand of national development and the solution of rural problems often appears gradual characteristics. From an economy social transformation perspective, the paper sorts out the development skeleton of rural planning and development system in Japan after the World War Ⅱ, as well as sums up three stages and characteristics of each stage, stage of promoting agricultural production as the main purpose, stage of founding the rural planning and construction system tentatively, stage of finding out the roles of city and countryside and reconstructing charming of rural area. Finally, the paper discusses the enlightenments for Chinese rural planning and development which focus on the regional economical and geographical differences, economy support, integrated development and public participation, etc.