利用高通量测序技术分析传统面引子中的酵母菌多样性

Analysis of yeast diversity in traditional sourdough starters by high-throughput sequencing

面引子是传统面食加工中发酵剂,酵母菌是面引子中的重要微生物之一,对其研究大多集中于传统分离培养法,文章旨在采用新一代高通量测序技术揭示传统面引子中的酵母菌群落结构特征。从我国吉林省、山东省、山西省、陕西省、甘肃省以及河南省收集18个面引子样品,基于宏基因组采用PCR扩增ITS1区,Illumina Miseq测序,云平台分析样品中酵母菌群落。结果表明样品中共有12个属16种酵母菌,分别是酿酒酵母、Kazachstania bulderi、异常威克汉姆酵母、光滑假丝酵母、矮小假丝酵母、清酒假丝酵母、近平滑假丝酵母、戴尔凯氏有孢圆酵母、扣囊复膜孢酵母、马克思克鲁维氏酵母、发酵毕赤酵母、Meyerozyma guilliermondii、Trichomonascus ciferrii、Hyphopichia burtonii,未鉴定出的假丝酵母和未鉴定出的酵母。其中酿酒酵母是大多数样品中的优势菌,而Kazachstania bulderi、光滑假丝酵母菌、矮小假丝酵母、清酒假丝酵母、戴尔凯氏有孢圆酵母、异常威克汉姆酵母在少数样品中也有较高的分布。各样品酵母菌群落结构相差不大,而且在类型和地理分布差异也不明显。

Sourdough starter is fermentation starter in traditional flour food. Yeast is one of important microbes in sourdough starter. The most previous researches on them were dependent culture. This paper aims to reveal yeast community structure characteristics in traditional sourdough starters by highthroughput sequencing. 18 samples were collected from Jilin province, Shandong province, Shanxi province, Shaanxi province, Gansu province and Henan province. ITS regions were amplified with specific PCR based on metagenome and high-throughput sequenced with Illumina Miseq. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out on cloud service platform in this study. The result showed there were 12 genus 16 species of yeast in 18 sourdough starter samples. The species of yeast in sample were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kazachstania bulderi, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Candida glabrata, Candida humilis, Candida sake, Candida parapsilosis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia fermentans, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Trichomonascus ciferrii, Hyphopichia burtoni, unclassified Candida and unclassified Saccharomycetales. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was predominating population in most of samples. Kazachstania bulderi, Candida glabrata, Candida humilis, Candida sake, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus were high proportion in few samples. Not only each sample but also different sample types and geographical distribution was very similar on yeast community.