中心区企业生产率优势的来源:集聚、选择抑或分类效应

Firms' Productivity Premium in Core Regions:Agglomeration,Selection or Sorting

基于中国制造业企业微观数据,使用半参数方法测算企业全要素生产率,在此基础上使用分位数方法识别中心区企业生产率优势的来源,揭示经济集聚以及异质性企业非随机的区位选择带来的选择效应与分类效应对企业生产率的影响。研究发现:中心区企业生产率优势可能是集聚效应、选择效应与分类效应共同作用的结果。就大多数制造业细分行业而言,集聚效应显著提高了中心区企业的生产率;但是在部分细分行业中,在中心区集聚并没有给企业带来生产率优势。此外,在少数细分行业中发现了双边分类效应存在的证据。上述发现从企业异质性视角为中心区企业生产率优势的来源以及中国地区生产率差异提供了一种新的微观解释,对于中国新型城镇化以及区域协调发展战略决策具有重要的启示。

This paper measures firms＇ total factor productivity w ith the semi-parametric method w ith China＇s manufacturing firm-level data. On the basis of the foregoing,the paper distinguishes the sources of firms＇ productivity premium in core regions w ith the quantile method and reveals the effect of agglomeration economies on firms＇ productivity. M oreover,the paper explores w hether selection and sorting due to non-random location choice of heterogeneous firms produces higher average productivity among firms in the core. The results show that firms＇ productivity premium in the core is due to the three sources of agglomeration effects,selection effects and sorting effects. With regard to most tw o-digit manufacturing sectors,positive agglomeration externalities significantly produce the productivity premium in the core. How ever,locating in core regions does not bring about the productivity premium for some tw o-digit manufacturing sectors. Furthermore,the evidence of tw o-sided sorting in the core for some sectors is found. The conclusions have the important enlightenment to the decision-making on new-type urbanization and regional coordinated development in China.