氢与金属的微观交互作用研究进展

Review on Hydrogen-Microstructure Interaction in Metals

许多重要的金属及其合金在冶炼、服役过程中常由于吸收氢而导致其力学性能和抗腐蚀性能的下降,这些性能下降严重威胁着金属材料在机械制造业、基础设施行业和能源行业中服役的安全。氢对金属材料的影响主要体现为氢脆和氢损伤两个方面,提高材料抗氢性能的关键及前提在于理解氢与常见材料微观缺陷的交互作用。近些年来原位透射电镜技术、定量纳米力学测试技术、原子探针技术等实验手段的快速发展极大地促进了氢脆/氢损伤微观机理的研究。简要综述了氢脆/氢损伤微观机理研究领域的研究进展,重点关注了氢对空位、位错、界面等材料微观缺陷行为的影响。

The mechanical property and corrosion resistance of metals are often degraded by hydrogen absorption during metal production and environmental exposure. The material degradation induced by hydrogen greatly endangers the performance and safety of metals for applications in mechanical manufacturing,infrastructures and energy industries. Hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen damage are two major types of hydrogen effects. The material design and protection to improve anti-hydrogen performance shall be based on the knowledge of how hydrogen interacts with typical microstructural defects in materials. In recent years,the investigation into microscopic mechanisms in hydrogen embrittlement/damage has been sped up by the instrumental advancement in in-situ transmission electron microscopy,quantitative nanomechanical testing,atom probe tomography etc. In this review,we will introduce the mechanistic progress of research in hydrogen embrittlement/damage,and highlight the hydrogen impact on the behavior of basic microstructural defects such as vacancy,dislocation,interface etc.