水肥一体化模式下日光温室黄瓜氮磷钾优化施肥方案的研究

Studies on the Optimized Scheme of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizations of Cucumber in Solar-greenhouse Under Integral Control of Water and Fertilization

为了探明水肥一体化模式下日光温室黄瓜氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)的适宜施用量,采用三因子D–饱和最优设计,研究N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量对黄瓜产量和品质的影响,建立了以N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量为变量因子,以黄瓜产量和品质为目标函数的三元二次数学模型。通过对模型解析表明:N、P_2O_5、K_2O对黄瓜产量和品质均有显著影响;当N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量分别达到861.5 kg·hm^(-2)、306.1 kg·hm^(-2)和1 082.0 kg·hm^(-2)时,边际产量效应降至0;N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量分别达到688.4 kg·hm^(-2)、320.2 kg·hm^(-2)和1 230.2 kg·hm^(-2)时,边际品质效应降为0。通过计算机模拟运算,得出本试验条件下日光温室黄瓜产量达138 000 kg·hm^(-2)以上,同时品质综合评分达到88分以上的优化施肥方案为N 665.5~827.6 kg·hm^(-2),P_2O_5 267.9~334.3 kg·hm^(-2),K_2O 1 043.1~1 235.0 kg·hm^(-2),适宜的氮磷钾配比为1︰0.40︰1.53。

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the optimum amount of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P2O5）and potassium（K2O）in cucumber cultivated in solar-greenhouse under integral control of water and fertilization.The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the yield and quality of cucumber were investigated with the three factors and double saturated D-optimum design.A mathematical model for the optimization was established using nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium amounts as the independent variables,and the yield and quality of cucumber as objective function.The results showed that nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium significantly influenced the yield and quality of cucumber,but phosphorus and potassium had a higher effect than nitrogen.When the amount of N,P2O5,K2O reached to861.5 kg·hm^（-2）,306.1 kg·hm^（-2） and 1 082.0 kg·hm^（-2） respectively,the marginal yield effect reduced to zero.Similarly,the marginal quality effect reduced to zero when the amount of N,P2O5,K2O reached to688.4 kg·hm^（-2）,320.2 kg·hm^（-2） and 1 230.2 kg·hm^（-2） respectively.Through simulated computation,the schemes of optimized fertilization of cucumber were finally obtained.The yield of cucumber could reach to 138 000 kg·hm^（-2） or more,and the comprehensive score of quality achieved to 88 when the fertilizer rates are N 665.5–827.6 kg·hm^（-2）,P2O5 267.9–334.3 kg·hm^（-2）,K2O 1 043.1–1 235.0 kg·hm^（-2）.The suitable ratio of N︰P2O5︰K2O is 1︰0.40︰1.53.