基于结构方程模型的建筑施工项目安全绩效评价

Safety performance evaluation of the construction projects based on the structural equation model

为增强建筑施工项目安全绩效评价的客观性和有效性,综合采用扎根理论、熵权法及结构方程模型（SEM模型）构建建筑施工安全绩效评价指标体系,并建立SEM评价模型。将扎根理论运用于指标体系的初步构建、SMART原则和熵权法用于指标体系的筛选、SEM模型用于指标体系的验证,确定了5个维度21个建筑施工项目安全绩效评价指标;运用SEM模型分析指标和构面之间的相互影响和叠加效应,结果表明,二级指标对总目标的影响程度由大到小依次为安全业绩、管理因素、人员因素、机械设备因素、环境因素。将模型应用于6个项目的安全绩效评价,评价结果与管理者实际评价结果误差均在5%以内,且与第三方的评价结果一致。

This paper is aimed at setting up the safety performance evaluation indexes of the construction projects by using the ground-based construction theory,the entropy weight method and the structure equation model（SEM） comprehensively and by setting up the SEM evaluation model so as to enhance the objectiveness and the effectiveness of the safety performance evaluation in this way.The said method and the structure equation model have been adopted so as to lay out the indexes initially,with the entropy weight method to screen the indexes secondly and the SEM to validate the indexes concerned eventually.For the evaluation purpose,the 21 indexes can be divided into 5 dimensions,including the human factors,the machinery and installation factors,the environment factors,the management factors and the accident consequences that have to be repaid.And,next,we have done an analysis of the mutual influence and the superstructue effects between the indicators and the dimensions concerned.At the same time,we have also managed to make the absolute adaptation index test,the value-added adaptation index test and the simple adaptation index test of the model to meet the demands of the SEM,integratedly.Thus,the modeling results indicate that the influential degrees of the secondary indicators on the overall targets can be ranged and ordered as follows：the accident consequence,the management factors,the human-influential factors,the mechanical and equipment factors,and,last of all,the environmental factors.Among the three-level indicators,the number of fatal accidents,the number of serious injuries and that of minor injuries can be said to rank highest in the overall impacts,whereas the control conditions of the construction site noise,its lighting conditions and the construction dust/sewage,as well as the toxic emissions,have been found of minimal significance.The model has also been adopted to evaluate the safety-guaranteeing purpose of the said projects.Thus,in general,the model testing results have shown that the gaps between the model evaluation results and the actual evaluation results done by the managers that have been done on the actual situation would not be beyond 5%.In addition,all the results we have gained prove to be consistent with the evaluations that any third parties have done for the same purpose.Thus,it can be said that the study results we have given by the model can be expected to enjoy some record-breaking significance in the indexes layout and evaluation modeling in this way,so that it can be made to use for the safety performance evaluation for the construction projects.