基于相空间重构的高压断路器机械故障诊断研究

Research on mechanical fault diagnosis of high voltage vacuum circuit breaker based on phase space reconstruction

针对现有时频分析方法提取断路器振动信号特征时存在的不足,引入相空间变换对一维振动观测序列进行重构,并提取有效特征信息用于断路器机械故障诊断。基于互信息法和G-P算法计算延迟时间和嵌入维数,对振动信号进行相空间重构。根据重构得到的振动模型,分别计算相点分布因数(PPDC)及振动信号的网格维数。为了增强特征对信号描述的差异性,结合常用时域特征参数,构成一种新的故障特征描述向量。最后应用支持向量机进行特征分类,实现了对断路器操作机构卡涩和基座螺丝松动等常见机械故障类型的有效识别,具有良好的应用价值。

Classical time-frequency analysis method meets great troubles while extracting efficient fault features from vibration signal of circuit breaker. This paper takes advantage of phase space transformation to extract effective features for mechanical fault diagnosis of circuit breaker by the reconstruction of one-dimensional vibration observation sequence. Firstly, it calculates the embedding dimension by G-P algorithm and delay time by mutual information method to reconstruct the phase space of vibration signals. Then it calculates the Phase Space Distribution Coefficient （PPDC） and the signal＇s grid dimension of the new obtained vibration model respectively. In order to enhance the discrimination of the description of vibration signal, a novel fault feature description vector is constructed by combining the commonly used time-domain feature parameters. Finally, support vector machine is employed to classify the mechanical fault, which demonstrates that the proposed method could efficiently recognize the common mechanical faults such as operating device jamming and screws loosing, so it has good application value.